Something about Turkey

Retrato de Eda Sirma

When I think of my country and culture, the first thing comes to mind is the sense of belonging to nowhere. Having our origins in Central Asia, being descendants of a big empire followed by its terrible collapse and later on the foundation of Turkish Republic by Ataturk, the father of Turks, brought a lot of distinguished characteristics as well as unsolvable contradictions which exist even today in the core of Turkish culture.

Just as our rich history, our geographical location also shaped our culture significantly. Being situated between Asia and Europe, serving as a bridge between two distinct cultures reinforces the sense of belonging to nowhere. When our membership to European Union was first mentioned, people’s first thought was if Turkey was located in Europe, rather than what European Union stood for; common values. Most Turkish people believed in wholeheartedly Turkey’s future membership, for we share the same values. On the other hand, when the criterias for full membership increased each passing day, Turkish people faced their fate: We belong to nowhere. If we tried to join Islamic Middle- Eastern countries, we would not be regarded as Muslims as we are secular, do consume alcohol, do not prey fives times a day and the majority of Turkish women are veil-free. How can we ever situate ourselves somewhere? We are not European, neither Middle-Eastern nor Asian, so who are we? These questions will remain unanswered and exist in the core of Turkish culture forever.

A quick trip through various parts of Istanbul will demonstrate Turkish culture’s diversity. Not only people’s ideas or political developments, but also architecture and the landscape itself will reflect what one of the major characteristics of Turkish culture is: contradictions in its own richness. While some parts of the city, for instance, are extremely European, some other parts, however, such as old town, are quite oriental. And at most places West and East mingle neatly. One good example could be a mosque being located right next to famous bars street where people sip their alcoholic drinks with the view of the mosque. These contradictions do not only exist in exteriors but they rather exemplify and emphasize what Turkish culture is about. There is no doubt that what provides a lot of conflicts also contributes positively to Turkish culture and distinguishes it from other cultures and countries with its unique mixture between the West and the East.

In addition to the sense of belonging to nowhere and being a mixture of West and East, the other two characteristics which distinguish Turkish culture from others are hospitality and benevolence of people. Turkish people are always ready to welcome foreigners with open arms and try their best to accommodate hospitality. Perhaps this is a common distinction of Southern European countries, however in Turkey I strongly believe that it is experienced in the maximum level. If you live in Turkey, when you get sick, it is very likely that your neighbours will bring you food, medicine or whatever you might need. Or anywhere you need help, even if you need money, people will do their best to help.

People’s warmness and friendliness are other characteristics I would associate with Turkish culture. When you grab a taxi, it is very common to hear the taxi driver’s entire life story no matter how short the distance is. Having very close family ties is another characteristic of Turkish culture. Turkish people like to have large families and spend time together and usually are tied strongly to one another.

I hope this short text about Turkish culture will help some of you see the world from our eyes.

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Retrato de Igor Caldeira

Identity, Complexity and Tolerance

When I think of my country and culture, the first thing comes to mind is the sense of belonging to nowhere. [...] There is no doubt that what provides a lot of conflicts also contributes positively to Turkish culture and distinguishes it from other cultures and countries with its unique mixture between the West and the East.
Reading this text made me remember Amin Maalouf, one of my favourite authors precisely for his position concerning identity. Transcription of the most relevant parts of his book, Les Identités Meurtrières.

Depuis que j'ai quitté le Liban en 1976 pour m'installer en France, que de fois m'a-t-on demandé, avec les meilleures intentions du monde, si je me sentais "plutôt français" ou "plutôt libanais". Je réponds invariablement: "L'un et l'autre!" Non par un quelque souci d'équilibre ou équité, mais parce qu'en répondant différemment, je mentirais. Ce qui fait que je suis moi-même et pas un autre, c'est que je suis ainsi à la lisière de deux pays, de deux ou trois langues, de plusieurs traditions culturelles. C'est précisément cela qui définit mon identité.
[...]
Moitié français, donc, et moitié libanais? Pas du tout! L'identité ne se compartimente pas, elle ne se répartit ni par moitiés, ni par tiers, ni par plages cloisonnées. Je n'ai pas plusieurs identités, j'en ai une seule, faite de tous les éléments qui l'ont façonnée, selon un "dosage" particulier qui n'est jamais le même d'une personne à l'autre.
[...]
Toutes ces appartenances n'ont évidemment pas la même importance, en tout cas pas au même moment. Mais aucune n'est totalement insignifiante. Ce sont les éléments constitutifs de la personnalité, on pourrait presque dire "les génes de l'âme", à condition de préciser que la plupart ne sont pas innés. Si chacun de ses éléments peut se rencontrer chez un grand nombre d'individus, jamais on ne retrouve la même combinaison chez deux personnes différentes, et c'est justement cela qui fait la richesse de chacun, sa valeur propre, c'est c'est ce qui fait que tout être est singulier et potenciellement irremplaçable.



Maalouf’s perspective makes identitary complexity not a problem but essencially something inevitable, something that we must be brave enough to recognize. Turkey has the task of showing something that should be quite evident: tolerance is in no way an exclusive – not even a characteristic – of Christian cultures. Turkey’s complex identity is the best way to reach that goal.
Voltaire defends on his Traité sur la Tolérance that tolerant countries wouldn’t be those in which a single religion was present, not even those in which there were two dominant religions, but those in which there wasn’t any religion able to put itself above others. If we remove the word “religion” and put instead “identity”, we will have a quite simple answer to the difficult task of fighting intolerance.
Many supposed freedom defenders in the West are transforming Islamism as there main hatred enemy. That leads them to calmly accept help and company from Christian fundamentalists (which makes me question if they really defend freedom in itself or just because they are stupid enough to think that it is western attribute). Let us hope that from Turkey comes the deserved slap in the face. By this time, and with a moderate Turkey and extremist Poland and Slovakia, the future is brighter than it usually seems.
Retrato de Eda Sirma

it is a big a big problem

In a way it is a big problem. Today we have Turkey willing to adopt Western values. But if the West closes its doors to Turkey, Turkey naturally will become more willing to turn its face to East. By East, I am, of course, referring to radical Islam, which would be a pity. After all, I don't believe European Union would like to have an Iran-like country as its neighbor.

Retrato de Igor Caldeira

Bad things, good things

Radical Catholicism promoted by the Vatican in Poland and Slovakia may be the wakening call for the EU. It's sad that these countries (Poland in particular) are becoming less willing to follow our common values, but it is also true that maybe Turkey will receive a better treatment from now on: for decades proof after proof has been demanded to show that it is a "European country", and Turkey has until this moment accepted most of EU's impositions. Meanwhile religious radicals are treated as respectable democrats - because they are Christians.

We may be facing the final chance for reconciliation between Turkey and Europe. If we let it go, EU will be in the hands of radical Christians and Turkey will probably, as you say, turn to radical Islamism.

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